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Descrizione : Provenance:  ,From the collection of Howard Gelb, St. Paul, MN collector of African Art, who was also a businessman, lawyer, and ,philanthropist. Mr. Gelb died in 2015, at the age of 96. Additional Information: ,A standing figure with a hand raised high.  ,As is standard with nail fetishes, well over 100 iron nails are pounded into the surface of the carving.  ,A few are twisted and tied around eachother.  , The best known of Kongo art is the nkisi, a term which is untranslatable, but which refers to carved figures which are used for dealing with problems ", ranging from public strife, theft and disease to the hope off seducing women and becoming wealthy.", (AFRICA_THE ART OF A CONTINENT-Guggenheim Museum.) An nkisi generally contains relics from someone who has died, or clay from the cemetery. It also contains medicines. When there are nails or blades protruding, it is called an nkondi, which means ",the hunter.", The nkonde are the most powerful of the nkisi. They were used to identify and hunt down unknown wrongdoers such as thieves, and people who were believed to cause sickness or death by occult means. They were also used to punish people who swore false oaths and villages which broke treaties. To inspire the nkondi to action, it was both invoked and provoked. Invocations, in bloodthirsty language, encouraged it to punish the guilty party. It would also be provoked by having gunpowder exploded in front of it, and having nails hammered into it. They were also used to literally ",hammer out agreements",...with clear implications as to what would happen to people who broke the agreements. The nkisi are used by their owner or the nganga (sorcerer/spiritual specialist) to please the different spirits who are supposed to regulate the world. (TRIBAL ARTS OF AFRICA-Bacquart) When a nganga believes that a figure has lost its power, it is discarded and may be sold. Recommended Reading: ,J. Cornet, Art of Africa, Treasures from the Congo. 1971E. M. Maurer and Niangi, B.: Spirits Embodied: Art of the Congo. 1999.Art of the Congo, Walker Art Center.
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